Chapter 13 . E-Business

E-Business

• The internet is a powerful channel that presents new opportunities for an organization to :
  - Touch customers
  - Enrich products and services with infomation
  - Reduce costs

E-Commerce and E-Business

• How do e-commerce and e-business differ?
  - E-commerce - the buying and selling of goods and services over the internet (online transaction)
  - E-business - the conducting of business on the internet including, not only buying and selling, but also serving customers and collaborating with business partners (online transactions, serving customers and collaborating with business partners)

E-Business

• Industries Using E-business

E-Business models

• E-business model - an approach to conducting electronic business on the internet

• Business-to-business (B2B) - Applies to businesses buying from and selling to each other over the internet
• Business-to-consumer (B2C) - Applies to any business that sells its products or services to consumers over the internet 
• Consumer-to-business (C2B) - Applies to any consumer that sells a product or service to a business over the internet
• Consumer-to-consumer (C2C) - Applies to sites primarily offering goods and services to assists consumer interacting with each other over the internet

Business-to-Business (B2B)

• Electronic marketplace (e-marketplace) - interactive business communities providing a central market where multiple buyers and sellers can engage in e-business activities

Business-to-Consumer (B2C)

• Common B2C e-business models include :
  - e-shop - a version of a retail store where customers can shop at any hour of the day without leaving their home or office
  - e-mall - consists of a number of e-shops, it serves as a gateway through which a visitor can access other e-shops
• Business types :
  - Brick-and-mortar business - operates in a physical store without an internet presence
  e.g : Bata
  - Pure-play business - a business that operates on the internet only without a physical store.
  e.g : Amazon.com and Expedia.com
  - Click-and-mortar business - a business that operates in a physical store and on the internet.
  e.g : Hijabs by Hanami

Consumer-to-Business (C2B)

• Priceline.com is an example of a C2B e-business model
• The demand for C2B e-business will increase over the next few years due to customer's desire for greater convenience and lower prices

Consumer-to-consumer (C2C)

• Online auctions :
  - Electronic auction (e-auction) - Sellers and buyers solicit consecutive bids from each other and prices are determined dynamically
  - Forward auction - Sellers use as a selling channel to many buyers and the highest bid wins
  - Reverse auction - Buyers use to purchase a product or service, selecting the seller with the lowest bid
• C2C communities include :
  - Communities of interest - People interact with each other on specific topics, such as golfing and stamp collecting
  - Communities of relations - People come together to share certain life experiences, such as cancer patients, senior citizens, and car enthusiasts
  - Communities of fantasy - People anticipate in imaginary environments, such as fantasy football teams and playing one-on-one with Michael Jordan

E-Business Benefits

• Highly accessible
  - Businesses can operate 24 hours a day, 7 days a week, 365 days a year
• Increased customer loyalty
  - Additional channels to contact, respond to, and access customers helps contribute to consumer loyalty
• Improved information content
  - In the past, customers had to order catalogs or travel to a physical facility before they could compare price and product attributes. Electronic catalogs and web pages present customers with updated information in real-time about goods, services and prices
• Increase convenience
  - E-business automates and improves many of the activities that make up a buying experience
• Increased global reach
  - Businesses, both small and large can reach new markets
• Decreased cost
  - The cost of conducting business on the internet is substantially smaller than traditional forms of business communication

E-Business Challenges

• Identifying Limited Market Segments
  - The main challenge of e-business is the lack of growth in some sectors due to product or service limitation
• Managing Consumer Trust
  - Internet marketers must develop a trustworthy relationships to make that initial sale and generate customer loyalty
• Ensuring consumer Protection
  - Implement Internet Security, protect the misuse of customer information
• Managing Consumer Trust
  - Companies that operate online must obey a patchwork of rules about which customers are subject are subject to sales tax on their purchase and which are not

E-Business Benefits and Challenges

• There are numerous advantages and limitations in e-business revenue models including :
  - Transaction fees
  - License fees
  - Subscription fees
  - Value-added fees
  - Advertising fees

Mashups

• Web mashup - a Web site or Web application that uses content from more than one source to create a completely new service
  - Application programming interface (API) - a set of routines, protocols, and tools for building software applications
  - Mashup editors - WYSIWYGs (What You See Is What You Get) for mashups

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